Peters



2 Sheets- Sheet 1.

l G. P. HOWARD.

Car-Lamp.

. Patented Feb. 10, 1880.

NA PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON, |16.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

o. P. HOWARD.

Car-Lamp.

Patented Feb. 10,1880.

fifi/mess es l y? N4 PETERS. PHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER, WSHXNGTON. D. C.

p in section.

"UNITED Y STATES *PA-TENT OFFICE.

L. HOWARD 8v CO.

, 0E SAME PLACE.

CAR-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of `Letters;Patent No. 224,434, dated February 10, 1880.

Application filed December 8, 1379.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I,OHARLES P. HOWARD, of Hartford,` in the `countyof Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Lamps for Railway? Cars and other purposes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,` clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, formingpart ot' this speciioation, in which-- o Figure lis a vertical central section throughV the' car-roof and lamp-jacket, Vshowing the lamp-bowl with its attached burner anduchimney in elevation, the ring of the bracket and Y interlocking ring of the lamp-bowl beingalso Fig. 2 is a horizontalzsection on the line a: x of Fig. l. "Fig.l 3 is a vertical Vdetail' section,'showing the fastenings of the uppermost portions of the lamp. Fig. 4 is va vertical section of a modiiication of myinvention.

The object of my invention is to so construct a lamp that, inwhatever way thecurrents of air exterior to thelamp operate with respect to the inlet and outlet openings and chambers or passages in communication "with them, the resulting eiect upon the column of hot air passing upward through the lamp shall be either to condense` or rarefy the air of said column, accordingly as such operation ofthe external air tends to driveair into or draw air out of said openings and chambers or pas'- sages, and thus never materially accelerate or retard the velocity of its flow,`which"in prao` tice is the only condition, under' ordinaryfciroumstances, influencing the steadylburning of the flight. In brief, the objectof my' invention is to prevent currents of= air exteriorto the lamp from injuriously affecting the hot-air column rising from' the flame of the'lamp, and to render the use of the lamp onwood carroofs safe. I In the accompanying drawings, Figure Vl, thethree concentricv tubes c, b, and c, inclos-` ing and separating the spaces A, B, and O,`to`

gether withV the top g, flange t, and the 'deflect-f ing-collar 7c, compose the smoke-jack.

The partsa., c,.an d It are fastened to thetop g, as indicated atm, c4, and h4, andthe part b` 5o is. formed with vthe flange ai, or fastened to it,

and by means of this fiangeis attached to the carjroof R, together with the other parts 0fstand within the diameterof the draft-hole R3 of the roof, as shown.

`Around the upper edge of the tube a are openings 1', communicating with `the space A and the external air.

Between the upper edge of the tube b and the lower edge of the deecting-collar h is an opening,jc, 'communicating between spaces A andB. The deiiecting-collar-h makes a tight joint with the top g, so as to prevent air from passing directly from the opening tto the openv ing r, or the reverse-4to wit, from r to t,-and

the lower edge'of this collar is iiared outward for'the purpose of detlecting oinders entering at r into the' space A, and preventing them from entering through the opening s int-o the Space B, whence they `'would fall into the car.

Z Zv are holes in the outer tube, a, for the removal of cinders fromv the space A. Said holes might be provided with swinging or sliding doors to open and close; but in practice ithas not been found necessary to do so.V

Around ythe upper edge of the tube c the` opening `t communicating between the spaces B andG,'is only interrupted at intervals by the fasteningsl which unite the tubec with the top g. "Iheltube c, ata point opposite the openings, is enlarged by means of a bead, c', rolled in it, or an outside collar, in order to deflect currents. of air passing either down throughspace B or up through the same, and

' out through the opening s into the `space A.

`The lower ends of the tubesbc extend down into the hole R'a proper distance to surround `andin'elose two cylindrical tubes, d @which ,are connected together by a horizontal diaphragm,f, and form an adjustable extension` chimneypportion of the lamp-globe G.

The tubes d c form the chambers or spaces DandF, and the tube d is attachedr to either the device patented October-17, 11876, by vFrankj 'L. Howard, asv shown in Fig. l, or a device IOO.

such as shown in Fig. 4, for adjusting this part of the lamp to a position for inserting or removing the globe Gr. If the device shown in Fig. 1 is adopted the collar l will be attached to the tube d, and slide longitudinally in the cylinder k toward and from the spring j, inclosed by the cylinder 7c and tube rl. The spring, by bearing against the overhanging upper' part of the cylinder k at one end and against the collar l at the other, presses the socket frmly down upon the globe G, and thus holds the globe from lateral movement in its seat, formed around the lamp O by the shell or flange qof the lamp-supporting bracket-ring R2. With this mode of confining the globe the tube d and its attached part f can be raised by hand against the pressure of the spring j suiciently high to allow the globe to be removed from the lamp, and when the globe is removed the tube is caused to descend until its upper flanged end, d', strikesthe upper end of the cylinder k, when it is arrested.

rEhe tube b is fitted loosely within the upturned cylindrical portion W of a broad circular plate attached to the inside of the carroof R, and the cylinder k is supported upon a broad concave circular plate, W, which covers the fiange of the portion W', and fastens to the under side of the car-roof, as shown.

The cylinder k is provided with a screwthreaded ring or collar, u', which screws into an internally-threaded screwcol1ar, u, securely attached to the plate W. Each of these screwcollars u and u is provided at its lower end with a ange, and between these iianges the reiector Y is securely held.

By having the short cylindrical portion W extend up into the hole R3 in the car-roof any sparks dropping through the space B are prevented from coming in contact with the woodwork of the roof R.

The parts q, f, d, and W are, respectively, perforated, as indicated at p, o, n, and on, the openings p communicating between the space Q and the air exterior tothe lamp O, the openings o communicating between the space F and the air exterior to the lamp, the openings 'n communicating between the space D and the air exterior to the lamp, and the openings m communicating between the space B and the air within the car, exterior, to the lamp.

The tube e is placed within the tube d, and arranged to extend down below the tube d, but not so high upas the same. This tube is of considerably less diameter than the tube d, and, by being connected to the tubed by means of the horizontal diaphragm f', the space between the tubes d and e is divided into two independent sections, D and F, and the air-openings n and o are compelled to supply air to the respective sections of said space independently of each other.

The lamp-bowl O, with burner N and glass chimney M, is fitted, by means of a ring with fastening-lugs, to the ring R2 of the bracket It', which is suspended from the root` of the car.

Operation: The space A, the openings, and

the space B form a continuous passage, opening at r into the air outside of the ear, and at m into the airinside of the car, through which air can pass in either direction (according as the density of the exterior air is alternately greater or less than that within the car) without passing through any other portion of the lamp. The column of hot air discharged from the burner passes from the space P, inclosed by the glass globe, upward through the space E, inclosed within the smoke-pipe, into the space C, inclosed within the smoke-jack. Now, any disturbance in the air exterior to the lamp will act upon the column of air inclosed within the space P E C only through the openings p o n, the other two openings, lm and r, being so related to each other that they mutually act to prevent the air entering through either from having much influence upon the current of hot air discharged into the space B through the opening t, and each of said openings p 0 n, being situated in the circumference of a vertical cylinder, will be acted upon alike by au identical current of air, and being located coinparatively near each other will be acted upon lin the same way, and to nearly the same degree, by a current of air blowing across the lamp. Now, as the opening p communicates through the space Q with the lower portion of the said column of air, and the opening o communicates through the space F with the middle portion of said column, and the opening n communicates through the space D with the upper portion of said column, it follows that all parts of said column of air are acted upon alike by any current of air exterior to the lamp, and either a condensation or rarefaction of the air composing it produced, and not a variation of its rate of dow, and as the lower portion ot' the tube e forms a shield to deflect the air passing through the opening o downward toward the lower portion, P, of said column, the indirect e'ect of the air passing through openings m and t and passages B B upon the upper portion of said column is thereby balanced and neutralized.

The modified plan of the lamp shown in Fig. 4 operates substantially as above set forth, and it only diers therefrom in Vsome details of construction, to wit: The plat-e W is enlarged to form the reector, thus dispensing with the reflector Y and screw-collars u u. The spring globe-holder shown in Fig. l is substituted by a clamp or catch, X, attached to the neck ofthe plate W, through which the tube dloosely passes, arranged so as to hold the tube d, and-therefore the socket f, down against the globe. The openings a in the tube d are closed, and the passages B B, together with the openings m and t, are depended upon to balance the effects of openings p upon the column of air P, E, and C, and the tube e, above its junction with the socket f, is dispensed with, as shown.

In lamps where the glass globe is cemented into the sockets formed by f and q the tube d is attached securely to the plate W, and said IOO IIO

IIS

plate is supported in place by the tube d and globe G, instead of being fastened directly to v :the roof.

The lamp as modified in-Fig..4, although inferior in its power to resist the influence of exterior currents of air to that plan represented in Figs. l, 2, and 3, yet carries out the same general principle thereof to such an extent as to make it superior, in its resistance to said in-l fiuences, to lampsheretofore constructed. Y

What l claim isl. The smoke-jack of a lamp, consisting of the concentric tubes et, b, and c, the top y, the

defiecting-collar h, and the flange i, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination of tbe smoke-jack, consistin g of Vthree concentric tubes, a b c, the top g, and the defiecting-collar h, and the smokepipe, consisting ofthe two concentric tubes d and @and the globe-socket f, perforated around its circumference with. the openings o, substantially as described.

3. rlhe smoke-pipe of the lamp, consisting of the tube c, the concentric tube d, perforated around its circumference with the openings n, and the globe-socket f, perforated around its circumference with the openings o, `substantially as and for the purpose described.`

4. The supporting-plate W, perforated with the openings m around the central opening, R3, through which the smoke-pipe of the lamp passes, in combination with the said smokepipe, consisting of the two concentric tubes d and c and the' globe-socketf, perforated around its circumference with the openings o, substantially asy and for the purpose described.

5. The supporting-plate W, perforated with openings m around the. central opening, R3,

passes, in combination with the said smokepipe, consisting of the tube e, the concentric tube d, perforated around its circumference with the openings `n, and the globe-socket f, perforated around-its circumference with the -openings o, lsubstantially vas described.

.6. The combination of the plate W, perforated With the openings m around the central opening, R3, Vthrough which the smoke-pipe passes, the smoke-pipe, consisting of two tubes, d and e, and the globe-socket f, perforated around its circumference with the openings o,

and thes'moke-jack, consisting of the tubes a. b, and-c, the top g, the deflecting-collar h, and the ange t', substantially vas described.

' 7. The combination of the plate W, perforated with openings m around the central opening, R3, through which the smoke-pipe passes, the smoke-pipe, consisting of the tube c, the concentric tube d, perforated around its circumference with the openings n, and the globesocket f, perforated with the openings o,and

the top g, collar h, and iiange t', substantially as described.

Witness my hand, in the matter of my application for a patent on a railroad-car and other lamps, this 22d day of November, 1879.

cHARLEs r. HOWARD. Witnesses: J. P. TH. LANG,

H. A. HALL.

through which the smokepipe of the lamp the smoke-jack, consisting of tubes cpt, b, and c, 

